Intestinal microflora is an important “microflora organ,” and in both human and animals, approximately 99% of the intestinal bacteria are anaerobic bacteria. The ginsenosides exhibit various biological activities including anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer activity, reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular system, immunomodulatory effects, and antioxidant activities, ,. The PPD-type or PPT-type ginsenosides have different sugar moieties at positions C-3/C-6 and C-20 in the aglycon PPD or PPT ( Fig. 1). Based on the structure of the aglycone, the ginsenosides can be divided into three categories as follows: oleanolic acid-type ginsenosides, protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides, and protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides. Ginsenosides are connected by an aglycone and a sugar and belong to the triterpenoid saponin group. The structures of the ginsenoside monomers of more than 50 species have been isolated and identified. The main active components of ginseng are ginsenosides. As a Traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is widely used as a single herb or in herbal mixtures to promote health and treat diseases. Panax ginseng Meyer, which is a well-known plant medicine with diverse pharmacological effects, has been used as a functional food or dietary supplement in China, Korea, and Japan.
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